Question 1

It is difficult to study the forgetting of perceptual-motor skills because:

Accepted Answer

A)   once a skill is learned, it is never forgotten.
B)   if a person cannot perform a skill, it usually means she has forgotten it.
C)   without practice, the ability to perform a skill tends to deteriorate.
D)   it is difficult to distinguish forgetting of the skill from impairment in motor control.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 2

An example of a closed skill is _____, and an example of an open skill is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   surfing; tying one's shoes
B)   tying one's shoes; playing pat-a-cake
C)   surfing; playing pat-a-cake
D)   playing pat-a-cake; surfingE) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 3

The restricted applicability of some learned skills to specific situations is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)   implicit learning.
B)   skill decay.
C)   a motor program.
D)   transfer specificity.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 4

An electromechanical device that can help people recover lost abilities to learn and perform perceptual-motor skills is called:

Accepted Answer

A)   sensory prosthesis.
B)   motor prosthesis.
C)   transcranial prosthesis.
D)   deep brain stimulation.E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

During learning of a mirror-reading task, the left cerebellum shows _____ activity, and the right cerebellum shows _____ activity.

Accepted Answer

A)   increased; decreased
B)   decreased; increased
C)   increased; no change in
D)   no change in; decreasedE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 6

Brain-imaging research on people learning to use patterns on cards to predict weather outcomes has shown that activity _____ in the basal ganglia, and people _____ improve on the task.

Accepted Answer

A)   increases; do not
B)   decreases; do not
C)   increases; do
D)   decreases; doE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

Which area of the brain is particularly important for controlling the velocity, direction, and amplitude of movements?

Accepted Answer

A)   the basal ganglia
B)   the cerebral cortex
C)   the cerebellum
D)   the brainstemE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 8

Which statement is TRUE regarding the power law of practice?

Accepted Answer

A)   It cannot be overcome.
B)   It is different for cognitive skills than for perceptual-motor skills.
C)   It is different for different species.
D)   It is the same for most skills.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 9

Suppose a child learns to ride his bike on the smooth, flat road by his home. According to the identical elements theory, under what physical conditions will the child's bike-riding abilities transfer the most? Under what conditions will they transfer the least?

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: Give example...

Question 10

Someone with damage to the basal ganglia would have the MOST trouble with which task?

Accepted Answer

A)   remembering the details of his childhood
B)   learning the names of all of the U.S. presidents
C)   remembering the name of a person he recently met
D)   remembering how to ride a bikeE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

Paul Fitts developed a three-stage model of skill learning that is still used today. First, define and explain each of the stages in the three-stage model of skill learning, and provide an example for each. Second, explain why this model is still used today.

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: Define the cognitive, ...

Question 12

Neuroimaging studies of experts suggest that one should see increased cortical activation in brain areas associated with a:

Accepted Answer

A)   tennis-player's dominant arm.
B)   bowler's non-dominant hand.
C)   juggler's neck.
D)   trumpet-player's feet.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

With practice, cortical expansion occurs in areas of:

Accepted Answer

A)   somatosensory cortex that are relevant for performing the skill.
B)   motor cortex that are relevant for performing the skill.
C)   both somatosensory cortex and motor cortex that are relevant for performing the skill.
D)   the cortex that are not relevant for performing the skill.E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 14

Which statement is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)   Massed practice is more effective than spaced practice for long-term retention.
B)   Constant practice is more effective than variable practice overall.
C)   Massed practice requires less total practice time than spaced practice.
D)   It is unclear whether constant practice or variable practice is more effective.E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

The acquisition of the ability to learn a new task rapidly based on frequent experiences with a similar task is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)   motor program.
B)   transfer specificity.
C)   identical elements theory.
D)   learning set formation.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 16

Dara is practicing a new gymnastic routine. Her practice will be MOST effective if she:

Accepted Answer

A)   practices many times a day.
B)   is given feedback about her performance.
C)   visualizes the routine in her mind before performing her new routine.
D)   blocks out all other distractions.E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 17

Learned movement patterns guided by sensory inputs are called _____ skills, while skills requiring the use of the brain to solve problems or apply strategies are called _____ skills.

Accepted Answer

A)   closed; open
B)   open; cognitive
C)   perceptual-motor; cognitive
D)   perceptual-motor; openE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 18

Steve is trying to improve his public-speaking skills. He is practicing by giving speeches on different topics to different groups of friends. He is using _____ practice.

Accepted Answer

A)   massed
B)   spaced
C)   constant
D)   variableE) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Exam 8: Skill Memory: Learning by Doing

Neuroimaging studies of experts suggest that one should see increased cortical activation in brain areas associated with a:

Correct Answer
verified

Learned movement patterns guided by sensory inputs are called _ skills, while skills requiring the use of the brain to solve problems or apply strategies are called _ skills.

Correct Answer
verified

Dara is practicing a new gymnastic routine. Her practice will be MOST effective if she:

Correct Answer
verified

Which statement is TRUE regarding the power law of practice?

Correct Answer
verified

Which statement is TRUE?

Correct Answer
verified

Paul Fitts developed a three-stage model of skill learning that is still used today. First, define and explain each of the stages in the three-stage model of skill learning, and provide an example for each. Second, explain why this model is still used today.

Correct Answer
verified
Grading criteria: Define the cognitive, ...
View Answer

An example of a closed skill is _, and an example of an open skill is _.

Correct Answer
verified

During learning of a mirror-reading task, the left cerebellum shows _ activity, and the right cerebellum shows _ activity.

Correct Answer
verified

With practice, cortical expansion occurs in areas of:

Correct Answer
verified

The acquisition of the ability to learn a new task rapidly based on frequent experiences with a similar task is known as:

Correct Answer
verified

Brain-imaging research on people learning to use patterns on cards to predict weather outcomes has shown that activity _ in the basal ganglia, and people _ improve on the task.

Correct Answer
verified

Which area of the brain is particularly important for controlling the velocity, direction, and amplitude of movements?

Correct Answer
verified

The restricted applicability of some learned skills to specific situations is known as:

Correct Answer
verified

Suppose a child learns to ride his bike on the smooth, flat road by his home. According to the identical elements theory, under what physical conditions will the child's bike-riding abilities transfer the most? Under what conditions will they transfer the least?

Correct Answer
verified
Grading criteria: Give example...
View Answer

Someone with damage to the basal ganglia would have the MOST trouble with which task?

Correct Answer
verified

An electromechanical device that can help people recover lost abilities to learn and perform perceptual-motor skills is called:

Correct Answer
verified

It is difficult to study the forgetting of perceptual-motor skills because:

Correct Answer
verified

Steve is trying to improve his public-speaking skills. He is practicing by giving speeches on different topics to different groups of friends. He is using _____ practice.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 8: Skill Memory: Learning by Doing

Neuroimaging studies of experts suggest that one should see increased cortical activation in brain areas associated with a:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Learned movement patterns guided by sensory inputs are called _____ skills, while skills requiring the use of the brain to solve problems or apply strategies are called _____ skills.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dara is practicing a new gymnastic routine. Her practice will be MOST effective if she:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement is TRUE regarding the power law of practice?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement is TRUE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Paul Fitts developed a three-stage model of skill learning that is still used today. First, define and explain each of the stages in the three-stage model of skill learning, and provide an example for each. Second, explain why this model is still used today.

Correct AnswerverifiedGrading criteria: Define the cognitive, ...View AnswerShow Answer

An example of a closed skill is _____, and an example of an open skill is _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During learning of a mirror-reading task, the left cerebellum shows _____ activity, and the right cerebellum shows _____ activity.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

With practice, cortical expansion occurs in areas of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The acquisition of the ability to learn a new task rapidly based on frequent experiences with a similar task is known as:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Brain-imaging research on people learning to use patterns on cards to predict weather outcomes has shown that activity _____ in the basal ganglia, and people _____ improve on the task.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which area of the brain is particularly important for controlling the velocity, direction, and amplitude of movements?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The restricted applicability of some learned skills to specific situations is known as:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Suppose a child learns to ride his bike on the smooth, flat road by his home. According to the identical elements theory, under what physical conditions will the child's bike-riding abilities transfer the most? Under what conditions will they transfer the least?

Correct AnswerverifiedGrading criteria: Give example...View AnswerShow Answer

Someone with damage to the basal ganglia would have the MOST trouble with which task?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An electromechanical device that can help people recover lost abilities to learn and perform perceptual-motor skills is called:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

It is difficult to study the forgetting of perceptual-motor skills because:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Steve is trying to improve his public-speaking skills. He is practicing by giving speeches on different topics to different groups of friends. He is using _____ practice.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Learned movement patterns guided by sensory inputs are called _ skills, while skills requiring the use of the brain to solve problems or apply strategies are called _ skills.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Grading criteria: Define the cognitive, ...
View Answer

An example of a closed skill is _, and an example of an open skill is _.

Correct Answer
verified

During learning of a mirror-reading task, the left cerebellum shows _ activity, and the right cerebellum shows _ activity.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Brain-imaging research on people learning to use patterns on cards to predict weather outcomes has shown that activity _ in the basal ganglia, and people _ improve on the task.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Grading criteria: Give example...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified