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Joshua, 2, has been diagnosed with _____, a blood disorder that limits the body's oxygen supply and can cause joint swelling and heart and kidney failure. This genetic disorder can be treated through penicillin, pain medication, antibiotics and blood transfusions, and his doctor has indicated that a study named Baby HUG may offer a better drug in the future.


A) spina bifida
B) Tay-Sachs disease
C) sickle-cell anemia
D) Huntington's disease

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Correct Answer

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Which of the following techniques is used to overcome the threat of problems related to the breech position during delivery?


A) Massage therapy
B) Music therapy
C) Acupuncture
D) Cesarean section

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Correct Answer

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_____ act on the nervous system to alter states of consciousness, modify perceptions, and change moods.


A) Antiemetics
B) Biofeedback therapies
C) Antihypertensives
D) Psychoactive drugs

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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Benny has been diagnosed with a gene-linked abnormality characterized by deceleration of mental and physical development caused by an accumulation of lipids in the nervous system. He has been put on medication and a special diet, but his family has been told that he will probably not live beyond the age of five. Benny is suffering from:


A) spina bifida.
B) Tay-Sachs disease.
C) phenylketonuria.
D) Huntington's disease.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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A teratogen is any agent that can cause:


A) organogenesis.
B) birth defects.
C) fetal movement.
D) maternal back pain.

E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Correct Answer

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What is the recommended daily dosage of folic acid for pregnant women, as issued the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services?


A) 100 milligrams
B) 200 micrograms
C) 200 milligrams
D) 400 micrograms

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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Which of the following maternal diseases carries the risk of delivering very large infants, weighing 10 pounds or more?


A) Genital herpes
B) AIDS
C) Gestational diabetes
D) Syphilis

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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Brad is an athletic boy who is on every sport team in school. Stephen loves math and is part of his school's math club. These instances reflect _____ correlations that occur when children seek out environments that they find compatible and stimulating.


A) passive genotype-environment
B) evocative genotype-environment
C) active (niche-picking) genotype-environment
D) influential genotype-environment

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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Neuronal migration occurs at approximately _____ weeks after conception.


A) 1 to 8
B) 3 to 12
C) 4 to 15
D) 6 to 24

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Correct Answer

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Emma and Anna are identical twins who were adopted by different families a few weeks after birth. Although genetically identical, they grew up with different physical and psychological characteristics. For example, though both inherited a tendency to grow large, Anna was slim and athletic due to the active lifestyle practiced in her adoptive family. This variability can be explained by how:


A) each zygote is unique.
B) longevity genes can make an individual less vulnerable to certain diseases.
C) for each genotype, a range of phenotypes can be expressed .
D) mutated genes can be a source of genetic variability.

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Correct Answer

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Which of the following is an example of a passive genotype-environment correlation?


A) Uncooperative, distractible children receive more unpleasant and disciplinary action from parents and teachers.
B) Outgoing children tend to seek out social contexts in which to interact with people.
C) Parents who have a genetic predisposition to be musically inclined encourage their children to learn how to play a music instrument.
D) Infants who smile more receive more attention from individuals in their social environment.

E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Correct Answer

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A mistake by the cellular machinery, or damage from an environmental agent such as radiation, may produce a _____, which is a permanently altered segment of DNA.


A) susceptibility gene
B) vulnerability gene
C) longevity gene
D) mutated gene

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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Which of the following statements about cocaine use during pregnancy is TRUE?


A) Cocaine quickly crosses the placenta to reach the fetus.
B) Cocaine is broken down in the mother's bloodstream before it can reach the fetus.
C) Cocaine molecules are too large to pass through the placenta.
D) Cocaine exposure during prenatal development has no negative effects on the fetus.

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Correct Answer

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_____ refers to the attachment of the blastocyst to the uterine wall.


A) Implantation
B) Conception
C) Fertilization
D) Involution

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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Sidra has a baby that was born at 27 weeks. Her baby is considered:


A) very preterm infants.
B) moderately preterm infants.
C) mildly preterm infants.
D) extremely preterm infants.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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Tracy's parents are avid sports fans. Since she was a child, they took her to numerous baseball and football games, and Tracy regularly watched the sports channel with her dad. When she was old enough, her parents made her join the little league team at her school and she performed well. This is an example of a(n) :


A) evocative genotype-environment correlation.
B) active (niche-picking) genotype-environment correlation.
C) passive genotype-environment correlation.
D) gene-gene correlation.

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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What is the rationale for the practice of waterbirth?


A) Water pressure reduces the strain of contractions.
B) It creates an environment similar to that inside the amniotic sac.
C) Getting into water speeds up the labor process.
D) Water makes the contractions more intense.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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In human beings, by the end of meiosis, each egg or sperm has _____ chromosomes.


A) 46 paired
B) 23 unpaired
C) 23 paired
D) 46 unpaired

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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Alicia is pregnant and a heavy smoker. Which of the following is her baby MORE likely to have than is the baby of a nonsmoker?


A) Facial and limb deformities
B) Sudden infant death syndrome
C) Cleft palate
D) Tremors and increased general irritability

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Correct Answer

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_____ is the interaction of a specific measured variation in the DNA and a specific measured aspect of the environment.


A) Heredity-environment correlation
B) Evocative genotype-environment correlation
C) Gene × environment (G × E) interaction
D) Passive genotype-environment interaction

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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