Question 1

What advice would you give to parents interested in promoting their child's language development?

Accepted Answer

A)   Make language-learning a serious business. Do not mix it with playtime.
B)   When a child is slow to complete a sentence, finish it for him.
C)   Rephrase a child's ungrammatical remark to show the correct grammar.
D)   Encourage children to use vague words such as "stuff" or "somebody."E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 2

Eighteen-month-old Lenny's vocabulary contains some words that are names for objects but also has many social phrases such as "I want it" and "Go away." Lenny has a(n)  ________ style of learning language.

Accepted Answer

A)   intellectual
B)   fast mapping
C)   referential
D)   expressiveE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 3

________ are words or endings of words (such as -ed or -ing)  that make a sentence grammatical.

Accepted Answer

A)   Overextensions
B)   Underextensions
C)   Grammatical morphemes
D)   OverregularizationsE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 4

Infants who are younger than six months of age

Accepted Answer

A)   do not need to experience speech sounds in their environment to be able to discriminate them.
B)   must experience speech sounds in their environment to be able to discriminate them.
C)   can discriminate only the sounds found in their native language.
D)   cannot discriminate any speech sounds, which explains why they cannot talk.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 5

Cochlear implants

Accepted Answer

A)   are beneficial for adults who lose their hearing after mastering language but do not help deaf children learn language.
B)   enhance language development in young children, but for some more than others.
C)   allow deaf children to develop language skills as good as those of hearing children.
D)   make other forms of language therapy for deaf children unnecessary.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 6

When four-year-olds describe a toy to a two-year-old, they

Accepted Answer

A)   use fewer attention-getting phrases than they do with an adult listener.
B)   use longer sentences than they do with an adult listener.
C)   use simpler grammar than they do with an adult listener.
D)   do not adjust their speech when talking to a younger child.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 7

Six-month-old Seiko is growing up in a home where Japanese is the only language spoken. Is she likely to be able to discriminate speech sounds that are used in English but are not used in Japanese?

Accepted Answer

A)   She is not likely to ever be able to discriminate them.
B)   She is likely to be able to discriminate them now but will probably lose that ability when she gets older.
C)   She is not likely to be able to discriminate them at this age but should be able to when she gets older.
D)   She is likely to be able to discriminate them throughout her life.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 8

Which of the following is the best example of an overextension?

Accepted Answer

A)   using the word "house" to refer only to the family's house
B)   hearing the unfamiliar word "shoe" and concluding that it refers to objects that are worn on feet
C)   using the word "horsie" to refer to all four-legged creatures
D)   saying "I goed" instead of "I went"E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 9

When presented with a message that is vague or confusing, young children frequently

Accepted Answer

A)   ask the speaker to clarify the message.
B)   do not realize that the message is ambiguous.
C)   are able to understand what the speaker intended.
D)   rephrase the statement in an indirect attempt to get a clarification.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

According to the ________ approach, children use powerful cognitive mechanisms that allow them to find recurring patterns in the speech they hear.

Accepted Answer

A)   behaviourist
B)   social interaction
C)   linguistic
D)   cognitiveE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 11

________ is/are a system that relates sounds (or gestures)  to meaning.

Accepted Answer

A)   Pragmatics
B)   Phonology
C)   Semantics
D)   LanguageE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

One characteristic of language is that an infinite number of utterances can be produced from the vocabulary. This is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)   symbolism.
B)   generativity.
C)   displacement.
D)   expressiveness.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 13

Three-year-old Steven walks up to his father, who is reading the newspaper, and says "Look at this picture, Daddy!" If his father does not respond, Steven is likely to

Accepted Answer

A)   repeat his remark to try again to get a response.
B)   keep talking about his picture as if his father had answered.
C)   walk away.
D)   think his comment does not deserve a response.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

Seven-month-old Julius hears this conversation: John: I want to go swim.
John's dad: Do you want to swim in the pool?
John: No, I want to swim in the lake.
If Julius then hears the words "run" and "swim," what would you expect him to do?

Accepted Answer

A)   pay more attention to "run" than to "swim"
B)   pay more attention to "swim" than to "run"
C)   pay equal attention to "run" and "swim"
D)   say the words "run" and "swim"E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 15

Cheyenne makes a sarcastic comment but does not use a mocking or overly enthusiastic tone of voice. Who is likely to realize that sarcasm is intended?

Accepted Answer

A)   Only 25-year-old Stephen
B)   25-year-old Stephen and 15-year-old Emily
C)   25-year-old Stephen, 15-year-old Emily, and 9-year-old Stuart
D)   25-year-old Stephen, 15-year-old Emily, 9-year-old Stuart, and 4-year-old RachelE) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 16

In the case of understanding metaphors, young children

Accepted Answer

A)   cannot understand even simple metaphors.
B)   can understand simple metaphors but not ones based on abstract relations.
C)   can understand metaphors that are based on abstract relations.
D)   develop this understanding very rapidly.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 17

Dr. White is a learning theorist who believes that language is learned purely through imitation and reinforcement. Which of the following would she have the most difficulty explaining?

Accepted Answer

A)   children learning the language that is spoken by their family members rather than a different language
B)   children producing many more sentences than they have ever heard
C)   children who watch Sesame Street having larger vocabularies than children who do not watch Sesame Street
D)   children learning words more rapidly if their parents speak to them frequentlyE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 18

The term semantics refers to

Accepted Answer

A)   the sounds of a language.
B)   the study of words and their meanings.
C)   the structure of language.
D)   the study of how people use language to communicate effectively.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 19

Overextensions

Accepted Answer

A)   occur more often when children are producing words than when they are comprehending words.
B)   occur when children define a word too narrowly.
C)   are not influenced by feedback from parents.
D)   become more common as children get older.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 20

Babbling refers to

Accepted Answer

A)   speech-like sounds that consist of a vowel and consonant but that have no meaning.
B)   the production of vowel-like sounds such as "ooooooo" or "ahhhhhhh."
C)   a pattern of rising and falling pitch.
D)   a distinctive style of speech adults use when talking to infants.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Exam 9: B: Language and Communication

The term semantics refers to

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In the case of understanding metaphors, young children

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Dr. White is a learning theorist who believes that language is learned purely through imitation and reinforcement. Which of the following would she have the most difficulty explaining?

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According to the ________ approach, children use powerful cognitive mechanisms that allow them to find recurring patterns in the speech they hear.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Infants who are younger than six months of age

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cheyenne makes a sarcastic comment but does not use a mocking or overly enthusiastic tone of voice. Who is likely to realize that sarcasm is intended?

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Babbling refers to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Overextensions

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When presented with a message that is vague or confusing, young children frequently

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When four-year-olds describe a toy to a two-year-old, they

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Six-month-old Seiko is growing up in a home where Japanese is the only language spoken. Is she likely to be able to discriminate speech sounds that are used in English but are not used in Japanese?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

________ is/are a system that relates sounds (or gestures) to meaning.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cochlear implants

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________ are words or endings of words (such as -ed or -ing) that make a sentence grammatical.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One characteristic of language is that an infinite number of utterances can be produced from the vocabulary. This is referred to as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Seven-month-old Julius hears this conversation: John: I want to go swim. John's dad: Do you want to swim in the pool? John: No, I want to swim in the lake. If Julius then hears the words "run" and "swim," what would you expect him to do?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What advice would you give to parents interested in promoting their child's language development?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Eighteen-month-old Lenny's vocabulary contains some words that are names for objects but also has many social phrases such as "I want it" and "Go away." Lenny has a(n) ________ style of learning language.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Three-year-old Steven walks up to his father, who is reading the newspaper, and says "Look at this picture, Daddy!" If his father does not respond, Steven is likely to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is the best example of an overextension?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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